The Association Between Borderline Dysnatremia and Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality: Retrospective Cohort Study of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database

Jacob H Cole   ^{1, 2, 3} , MD ;   Krista B Highland   ² , PhD ;   Scott B Hughey   ^{3, 4} , MD ;   Brendan J O'Shea   ⁴ , MD ;   Thomas Hauert   ⁴ , DO ;   Ashton H Goldman   ⁵ , MD ;   George C Balazs   ⁵ , MD ;   Gregory J Booth   ^{2, 3, 4} , MD

¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

² Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States

³ Naval Biotechnology Group, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, United States

⁴ Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, United States

⁵ Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, United States