Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Major Postoperative Complications After Noncardiac Surgery Under General Anesthesia Using Routinely Available Electronic Health Record Data: Retrospective Multicenter Development and Validation Study

Takuya Nishino   ¹ , PhD ;   Hiroshi Mase   ^{2, 3} , MD, PhD ;   Chol Kim   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Shinji Sugita   ⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Yukihiro Kondo   ^{1, 6} , MD, PhD ;   Masashi Ishikawa   ² , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Health Policy and Management, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

² Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

³ Department of Surgical Intensive Care, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan

⁵ Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan

⁶ Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan