Use of Biofeedback-Based Virtual Reality in Pediatric Perioperative and Postoperative Settings: Observational Study

Zandantsetseg Orgil   ¹ , BS ;   Anitra Karthic   ^{2, 3} , BA ;   Nora F Bell   ⁴ , MD ;   Lisa M Heisterberg   ² , MD, PhD ;   Sara E Williams   ⁵ , PhD ;   Lili Ding   ^{4, 6} , PhD ;   Susmita Kashikar-Zuck   ^{4, 7} , PhD ;   Christopher D King   ^{4, 7} , PhD ;   Vanessa A Olbrecht   ⁸ , MD

¹ Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States

² Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States

³ Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States

⁴ Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States

⁵ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States

⁶ Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States

⁷ Pediatric Pain Research Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States

⁸ Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, DE, United States